AH 1119-1124 / AD 1707 - 1712
Shah Alam Bahadur (1643-1712) was the eighth Mughal emperor, succeeding his father Aurangzeb after a bloody succession battle with his brothers. Born Mirza Muhammad Mu'azzam, his reign marks the beginning of the decline of the Mughal Empire.
During his relatively short reign, he faced stiff opposition from the Rajputs and the Marathas. In 1710-1712 he drove the followers of the Sikh religion into the hills of the Punjab, subduing but not capturing their leader Banda Singh Bahadur.