AH 1124 / AD 1712 - 1713

Jahandar Shah was the ruler of the Mughal Empire in India, serving as its emperor from 1712 to 1713. He was the son of Bahadur Shah I and became emperor after a brief struggle for power within the Mughal royal family. Jahandar Shah's reign was short-lived and marked by instability. His rule was characterized by his indulgence in luxury and extravagant living, which drained the empire's resources.

His accession was not well-supported in the empire, and he was viewed as an illegitimate ruler. Hence, upon his coronation, Jahandar Shah moved to consolidate his authority by rewarding and promoting his supporters. He departed from previous Mughal succession practices by severely punishing the nobles who had supported his brothers in the succession, with several of them being executed. He also let the bodies of the defeated princes rot in the open for several days before their entombment, unlike previous emperors who had insisted on a proper burial.

During his reign, Jahandar Shah faced internal opposition and external threats. His reign saw the rise of influential nobles and the weakening of central authority. He was eventually deposed and killed in 1713, leading to further political turmoil in the Mughal Empire. Jahandar Shah's brief and troubled rule is often cited as a symbol of the decline of the Mughal Empire during the early 18th century.